Struts

Apache Struts is an open source framework for developing Web based applications using the Java EE platform. It uses the MVC2 architecture and is based on the on the Front Controller pattern.

Technically, Struts is a skeleton of an application. It fully implements the Controller (the servlet ActionServlet) and facilitates the development of the View and the Model. Struts has its own configuration file (struts-config.xml) that configures the Controller by specifying everything about the coordination of requests and responses for the application.

The Controller receives every request from the browser and calls the corresponding Action class which implements the business logic and interacts with the Model of the application. An ActionForward returned by the Model, tells the Controller which output page of the View will be sent to the client. Information is passed between the Model and the View in the form of special ActionForm beans that represent the Model state at a session or request level.

Apache Struts has become one of the most popular and widely used frameworks for building enterprise Web applications.

JavaServer Faces

JavaServer Faces (JSF) is a Java-based Web application framework.

Spring

The Spring Framework is a platform for building and running enterprise Java applications.

Hibernate

Hibernate is an open source Java persistence framework.